Expansion of the capability of SEBM by improved electron beam technology

Commercial available EBSM machines show strong limitations with respect to the beam power, beam quality and beam control. To overcome these limitations, the electron gun and control system of an Arcam S12 System was renewed. The resulting machine is equipped with a 6 kW electron beam gun and a backscattering electron detector for process monitoring. This is the first electron beam AM machine where the electron beam serves for both, processing and analyzing.

• Renner J., Grund J., Markl M., Körner C.:
  A Ray Tracing Model for Electron Optical Imaging in Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion
  In: Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7 (2023), Article No.: 87
  ISSN: 2504-4494
  DOI: 10.3390/jmmp7030087
• Franke M., Arnold C., Körner C.:
  In-situ quality assurance for electron-based additive manufacturing by electron optical observation
  In: Progress in Additive Manufacturing 8 (2023), p. 55-60
  ISSN: 2363-9512
  DOI: 10.1007/s40964-022-00382-8
• Ye J., Renner J., Körner C., Fu Z.:
  Electron-optical observation of smoke evolution during electron beam powder bed fusion
  In: Additive Manufacturing 70 (2023), Article No.: 103578
  ISSN: 2214-7810
  DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103578
• Arnold C.:
  Fundamental Investigation of Electron-Optical Process Monitoring in Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion (Dissertation, 2023)
  URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:29-opus4-216113
• Renner J., Breuning C., Markl M., Körner C.:
  Surface topographies from electron optical images in electron beam powder bed fusion for process monitoring and control
  In: Additive Manufacturing 60 (2022), Article No.: 103172
  ISSN: 2214-7810
  DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2022.103172
• Arnold C., Körner C.:
  Electron-optical in-situ metrology for electron beam powder bed fusion: calibration and validation
  In: Measurement Science & Technology 33 (2022), Article No.: 014001
  ISSN: 0957-0233
  DOI: 10.1088/1361-6501/ac2d5c
• Bäreis J., Semjatov N., Renner J., Ye J., Fu Z., Körner C.:
  Electron-optical in-situ crack monitoring during electron beam powder bed fusion of the Ni-Base superalloy CMSX-4
  In: Progress in Additive Manufacturing (2022)
  ISSN: 2363-9512
  DOI: 10.1007/s40964-022-00357-9
• Arnold C., Breuning C., Körner C.:
  Electron-Optical In Situ Imaging for the Assessment of Accuracy in Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion
  In: Materials 14 (2021), Article No.: 7240
  ISSN: 1996-1944
  DOI: 10.3390/ma14237240
• Arnold C., Körner C.:
  In-situ electron optical measurement of thermal expansion in electron beam powder bed fusion
  In: Additive Manufacturing 46 (2021)
  ISSN: 2214-7810
  DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2021.102213
• Breuning C., Arnold C., Markl M., Körner C.:
  A multivariate meltpool stability criterion for fabrication of complex geometries in electron beam powder bed fusion
  In: Additive Manufacturing 45 (2021), Article No.: 102051
  ISSN: 2214-7810
  DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2021.102051
• Arnold C., Böhm J., Körner C.:
  In Operando Monitoring by Analysis of Backscattered Electrons during Electron Beam Melting
  In: Advanced Engineering Materials 22 (2019), Article No.: 1901102
  ISSN: 1438-1656
  DOI: 10.1002/adem.201901102
• Pobel C., Arnold C., Osmanlic F., Fu Z., Körner C.:
  Immediate development of processing windows for selective electron beam melting using layerwise monitoring via backscattered electron detection
  In: Materials Letters 249 (2019), p. 70 - 72
  ISSN: 0167-577X
  DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2019.03.048
• Arnold C., Pobel C., Osmanlic F., Körner C.:
  Layerwise monitoring of electron beam melting via backscatter electron detection
  In: Rapid Prototyping Journal 24 (2018), p. 1401 - 1406
  ISSN: 1355-2546
  DOI: 10.1108/RPJ-02-2018-0034
• Breuning C., Markl M., Körner C.:
  A return time compensation scheme for complex geometries in electron beam powder bed fusion
  In: Additive Manufacturing 76 (2023), p. 103767
  ISSN: 2214-7810
  DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103767
• Markl M., Azadi Tinat MR., Berger T., Renner J., Körner C.:
  Extracting powder bed features via electron optical images during electron beam powder bed fusion
  In: Additive Manufacturing Letters 10 (2024), Article No.: 100220
  ISSN: 2772-3690
  DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2024.100220
• Renner J., Markl M., Körner C.:
  In situ build surface topography determination in electron beam powder bed fusion
  In: Progress in Additive Manufacturing (2024)
  ISSN: 2363-9512
  DOI: 10.1007/s40964-024-00621-0